Title |
Leadership in Mammalian Societies: Emergence, Distribution, Power, and Payoff
|
---|---|
Published in |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, November 2015
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.013 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jennifer E. Smith, Sergey Gavrilets, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Paul L. Hooper, Claire El Mouden, Daniel Nettle, Christoph Hauert, Kim Hill, Susan Perry, Anne E. Pusey, Mark van Vugt, Eric Alden Smith |
Abstract |
Leadership is an active area of research in both the biological and social sciences. This review provides a transdisciplinary synthesis of biological and social-science views of leadership from an evolutionary perspective, and examines patterns of leadership in a set of small-scale human and non-human mammalian societies. We review empirical and theoretical work on leadership in four domains: movement, food acquisition, within-group conflict mediation, and between-group interactions. We categorize patterns of variation in leadership in five dimensions: distribution (across individuals), emergence (achieved versus inherited), power, relative payoff to leadership, and generality (across domains). We find that human leadership exhibits commonalities with and differences from the broader mammalian pattern, raising interesting theoretical and empirical issues. |
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Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 9 | 19% |
Spain | 6 | 13% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 10% |
Germany | 2 | 4% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | 2% |
Australia | 1 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | 2% |
Hong Kong | 1 | 2% |
Colombia | 1 | 2% |
Other | 3 | 6% |
Unknown | 18 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 34 | 71% |
Scientists | 12 | 25% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Senegal | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 311 | 96% |
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Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 73 | 23% |
Student > Master | 50 | 15% |
Researcher | 34 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 32 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 7% |
Other | 55 | 17% |
Unknown | 58 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Psychology | 35 | 11% |
Social Sciences | 28 | 9% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 21 | 7% |
Environmental Science | 15 | 5% |
Other | 54 | 17% |
Unknown | 70 | 22% |