| Title |
Ebola Virus Epidemiology, Transmission, and Evolution during Seven Months in Sierra Leone
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cell, June 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.007 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Daniel J. Park, Gytis Dudas, Shirlee Wohl, Augustine Goba, Shannon L.M. Whitmer, Kristian G. Andersen, Rachel S. Sealfon, Jason T. Ladner, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Christian B. Matranga, Sarah M. Winnicki, James Qu, Stephen K. Gire, Adrianne Gladden-Young, Simbirie Jalloh, Dolo Nosamiefan, Nathan L. Yozwiak, Lina M. Moses, Pan-Pan Jiang, Aaron E. Lin, Stephen F. Schaffner, Brian Bird, Jonathan Towner, Mambu Mamoh, Michael Gbakie, Lansana Kanneh, David Kargbo, James L.B. Massally, Fatima K. Kamara, Edwin Konuwa, Josephine Sellu, Abdul A. Jalloh, Ibrahim Mustapha, Momoh Foday, Mohamed Yillah, Bobbie R. Erickson, Tara Sealy, Dianna Blau, Christopher Paddock, Aaron Brault, Brian Amman, Jane Basile, Scott Bearden, Jessica Belser, Eric Bergeron, Shelley Campbell, Ayan Chakrabarti, Kimberly Dodd, Mike Flint, Aridth Gibbons, Christin Goodman, John Klena, Laura McMullan, Laura Morgan, Brandy Russell, Johanna Salzer, Angela Sanchez, David Wang, Irwin Jungreis, Christopher Tomkins-Tinch, Andrey Kislyuk, Michael F. Lin, Sinead Chapman, Bronwyn MacInnis, Ashley Matthews, James Bochicchio, Lisa E. Hensley, Jens H. Kuhn, Chad Nusbaum, John S. Schieffelin, Bruce W. Birren, Marc Forget, Stuart T. Nichol, Gustavo F. Palacios, Daouda Ndiaye, Christian Happi, Sahr M. Gevao, Mohamed A. Vandi, Brima Kargbo, Edward C. Holmes, Trevor Bedford, Andreas Gnirke, Ute Ströher, Andrew Rambaut, Robert F. Garry, Pardis C. Sabeti |
| Abstract |
The 2013-2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic is caused by the Makona variant of Ebola virus (EBOV). Early in the epidemic, genome sequencing provided insights into virus evolution and transmission and offered important information for outbreak response. Here, we analyze sequences from 232 patients sampled over 7 months in Sierra Leone, along with 86 previously released genomes from earlier in the epidemic. We confirm sustained human-to-human transmission within Sierra Leone and find no evidence for import or export of EBOV across national borders after its initial introduction. Using high-depth replicate sequencing, we observe both host-to-host transmission and recurrent emergence of intrahost genetic variants. We trace the increasing impact of purifying selection in suppressing the accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations over time. Finally, we note changes in the mucin-like domain of EBOV glycoprotein that merit further investigation. These findings clarify the movement of EBOV within the region and describe viral evolution during prolonged human-to-human transmission. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 69 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 15 | 22% |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 9% |
| Spain | 4 | 6% |
| France | 3 | 4% |
| Canada | 2 | 3% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 2 | 3% |
| India | 1 | 1% |
| Australia | 1 | 1% |
| Ukraine | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 4 | 6% |
| Unknown | 30 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 49 | 71% |
| Scientists | 12 | 17% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 7% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 486 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 11 | 2% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
| Germany | 2 | <1% |
| Brazil | 2 | <1% |
| Japan | 2 | <1% |
| Ireland | 1 | <1% |
| Sierra Leone | 1 | <1% |
| Thailand | 1 | <1% |
| Italy | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 2 | <1% |
| Unknown | 460 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 100 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 85 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 73 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 70 | 14% |
| Other | 23 | 5% |
| Other | 78 | 16% |
| Unknown | 57 | 12% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 128 | 26% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 75 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 71 | 15% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 41 | 8% |
| Computer Science | 13 | 3% |
| Other | 77 | 16% |
| Unknown | 81 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 127. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 September 2023.
All research outputs
#332,548
of 25,837,817 outputs
Outputs from Cell
#1,808
of 17,278 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,487
of 284,421 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cell
#22
of 180 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,837,817 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 17,278 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 59.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 89% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 180 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its contemporaries.